Cells tin be continued in serial, in parallel and in se�ries-parallel. In order to increment the current capacity cells should be continued in parallel. In order to increase the voltage output cells should be connected in serial. In case a bombardment has a big current capacity and a big voltage output, its cells are continued in series-parallel.
When cells are continued in serial the positive final of one cell is connected to the negative last of the second cell, the positive terminal of the second prison cell � to the negative final of the tertiary... then on.
When cells are connected in parallel their negative terminals are continued together and their positive terminals are also connected.
In case a cell has a trouble it stops operating or oper�ates desperately. This cell should be substituted by another one.
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EXERCISES
A
Find the right variant. Recall information technology:
1.a prison cell is used
a) to increment the voltage output
b) to reduce the current capacity
c) to supply electrical free energy
2.the terminals of a cell are used
a) to conduct electric current
b) to increase voltage
c) to connect the battery to a circuit
3.when cells are continued in series
a) all the positive terminals are continued together
b) all the negative terminals are connected together
c) the positive terminal of one prison cell is connected to the
negative terminal of the second
iv.cells are connected in serial in lodge
a) to increment the electric current capacity
b) to increase the voltage output
5.in gild to increase the current capacity
a) cells are continued in serial
b) cells are connected in parallel
B
Reply the following questions:
What is a prison cell used for? two. What does a prison cell consist of? 3. What is the function of the terminals? iv. In what manner are cells connected in social club to increase the voltage output? five. In what manner are cells continued in order to increase the current capacity? 6. In what style are the terminals of series cells continued? 7. In what case does a cell stop operating? What �should be done in case information technology stops operating?
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A
1 - c, 2 - c, iii - c, 4 - b, 5 - b.
�
1. To produce and supply electric energy.
2. An electrolyte and two electrodes.
3. They connect the jail cell to the circuit.
4. In series.
5. In parallel.
6. The positive concluding of one cell is continued to the negative terminal of the 2d prison cell.
seven. If it has a trouble. Information technology should be substituted.
Electric Cells (2) |
charge | consider |
iron | depend on |
zinc | relation |
carbon | nowadays |
plate | likewise |
size | provided that |
In this text we shall consider electric cells. A jail cell sup�plies electric free energy provided its electrodes are of different materials. In instance the electrodes are of the same fabric they become charged simply there is no difference of potential across the terminals. Fe and zinc plates are commonly used for producing negative electrodes since these materials produce a high charge. Carbon is normally used to pro�duce positive electrodes.
The voltage output of cells in use nowadays is from 1 to 2 Five. The value of the output depends only on the materials used for the electrodes. Too, it depends on the electrolyte or a cell. It does non depend on the size of a cell and its structure, while the current capacity of a cell depends on the size of the electrodes. The larger the size of the elec�trodes the more current capacity they tin supply. When the size of the electrodes is increased the electric current capacity also increases while the voltage output does not ch is the relation between the size of the electrodes and the electric current capacity.
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I. Answer the followi ng questions:
1. What element is considered in the text? 2. In what instance does a cell supply energy? 3. What materials are ordinarily used for producing negative electrodes? 4. Explain, why iron and zinc are used. 5. How much is the voltage output of cells in use nowadays? six . What does the value of the output depend on? vii. What is the relation betwixt the size of the electrodes and the current capacity?
II. End the sentences using the words with the opposite meaning:
one. In lodge to increment the current capacity cells should exist continued in parallel� � . 2. A carbon plate is used as the positive electrode� � . 3. The output value does non depend on the size of the electrodes... ... . 4. When cells are connected in parallel their positive terminals are continued together... ... .
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I
1. Electric cells.
2. If its electrodes are of different materials.
3. Fe and zinc.
4. These materials produce a high charge.
five. From i to two V.
6. The materials of electrodes and the electrolyte of a cell.
vii. The larger............... the more.........
Two
one. .. .the voltage output............ in series.
ii. Iron and zinc................ negative.........
three. The current chapters of a cell depends..........
4......... in serial......... the positive final of i cell is continued to the negative final
of the 2nd cell.
Lesson 7 |
CAPACITORS |
capacitor | great | |
Isolate | frequency | |
Insulator | prevent from | |
shop | distance | |
employ | reason | |
move | for this reason | |
function | air | |
A capacitor is one of the main elements of a excursion. It is used to store electrical energy. A capacitor stores electrical free energy provided that a voltage source is applied to it.
The main parts of a capacitor are metal plates and in�sulators. The role of insulators is to isolate the metal plates and in this mode to prevent a brusk.
There are two common types of capa�citors in use nowadays: a fixed capacitor and a variable i. The plates of a fixed capacitor cannot be moved; for this reason its capacity does non change. The plates of a varia�ble capacitor move; its capacity changes. The greater the distance between the plates the less the capacity of a capac�itor. Variable capacitors are commonly used by radiomen; their function is to vary the frequency in the excursion. Stock-still capacitors are used in telephone and radio work.
Fixed capacitors accept insulators produced of paper, ceram�ics and other materials; variable capacitors have air insulators. Paper capacitors are commonly used in radio and electronics; their advantage is their loftier capacity: information technology may be higher than 1,000 picofarad.
Besides, electrolyte capacitors are highly in utilize. They also have a very high chapters: information technology varies from 0.5 to 2,000 microfarad. Their disadvantage is that they modify their capacity when the temperature changes. They can operate without a change only at temperatures not lower than �40�C.
Common troubles in capacitors are an open and a short. A capacitor stops operating and does not store energy in case it has a trouble. A capacitor with a problem should be substituted past a new one.
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